The NCAA education outreach staff has prepared this set of questions and answers to assist member institutions in educating their student-athletes about banned drugs, reviewing drug-testing procedures and helping institutions to maintain compliance with the NCAA drug-testing program.

Q:

How can an institution prepare its student-athletes for NCAA championship drug testing?

A:

Although all student-athletes participating in the championship have signed an NCAA Drug-Testing Consent Form, there are other steps a school can take to prepare its student-athletes. All institutions have a copy of the NCAA drug-testing video. The 12-minute tape explains the process of NCAA drug testing and should be shown to student-athletes before the championship. Contact NCAA education outreach if you do not have a current (1998) copy of the video. The 1999-00 NCAA Drug-Testing Program booklet, which contains the NCAA drug-testing protocol and the list of banned-drug classes, and the banned-drug poster are excellent references. The protocol and list of banned-drug classes also are on the NCAA Web site (www.ncaa.org/sports_sciences/).

Note: Protocol No. 5.4.1. and 5.4.1.1. in the 1999-00 NCAA Drug-Testing Program booklet is incorrect. An updated version is on the NCAA Web site, and also is provided at the end of this article.

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Q:

How can a student-athlete find out whether a medication or supplement is banned?

A:

Student-athletes should ask their athletic trainer or team physician about any medication or supplement products they plan to take to determine if it is banned. All head athletic trainers have a copy of the 1999 (current edition) Athletic Drug Reference, which lists NCAA banned drugs. If the athletic trainers or physician are unsure whether a substance is banned, they should call the National Center for Drug-Free Sport (816/474-8655 or info@drugfreesport.com). Warning: Some "nutritional supplements" contain banned substances.

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Q:

When is drug testing conducted at the championship?

A:

Drug testing can occur at any phase of an NCAA championship. Testing is conducted immediately after the event (for example, a game or a race) at that site.

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Q:

How long does testing take?

A:

If a student-athlete immediately provides an adequate specimen, the process takes about 10 minutes. If the student-athlete is unable to provide a specimen or provides a diluted or alkaline specimen, he or she will stay in the drug-testing station until an adequate specimen is provided.

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Q:

What if an athlete is detained in the testing station for a long time?

A:

Institutions should be aware of the possibility that NCAA drug testing may be conducted after their championship event and should make travel arrangements accordingly. The NCAA Executive Committee has determined that if a student-athlete participating in a championship is detained in drug testing more than two hours, the team may depart. An institutional representative should stay with the student-athlete. The institution may request reimbursement from the NCAA for overnight expenses and transportation back to the campus for the student-athlete and the institutional representative.

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Q:

What drugs does the NCAA test for at NCAA championships?

A:

The NCAA testing involves urinalysis for these banned-drug classes: stimulants (for example, cocaine, amphetamines and ephedrine), anabolic agents (anabolic steroids and clenbuterol), diuretics, street drugs (heroin and marijuana), peptide hormones and urine manipulators. Student-athletes also should be knowledgeable about the NCAA's position on blood doping and the restrictions on the use of anesthetics and beta 2 agonists.

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Q:

What about supplement products?

A:

The NCAA has issued warnings about the use of supplement products. Because of the lack of regulation in the production, distribution and sale of these substances, the purity of these products is unknown; some may contain banned substances. Student-athletes should check with their physicians or athletic trainer before considering taking any of these products. Some supplements contain substances such as ephedrine (ma huang), DHEA, androstenedione and norandrostenedione, which are banned by the NCAA but are sold in health-food stores.

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Q:

When will institutions be informed whether their student-athletes will be tested at the championship?

A:

NCAA drug-testing information is reported at the site of each NCAA championship event in prechampionship meetings. If testing is being conducted, the NCAA drug-testing crew chief will be present to answer questions.

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Q:

In addition to preparing student-athletes for possible drug testing at the championship site, how else should a school prepare for NCAA drug testing?

A:

Host institutions for NCAA championships will be informed a few days in advance that drug testing is being conducted. They should follow instructions in the NCAA drug-testing site coordinator manual. Also, in team championships, all schools must have an accurate list of all student-athletes on the team who are present at the event. If testing is conducted, these lists will be requested by the drug-testing crew chief at the prechampionship meeting and will be used for the random-selection process.

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Q:

Will the student-athletes or the schools be asked to submit information about medications at the championship site?

A:

No. The medical crews do not ask for any information about medications student-athletes are taking.

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What is the notification process for championships?

A:

The NCAA no longer uses couriers to notify student-athletes of their selection for NCAA drug testing at team championships. (Couriers still will be used for individual/team championships such as indoor track and field or wrestling.) In team championships, an NCAA drug-testing crew member will notify the student-athletes with the assistance of institutional representatives (for example, coaches or athletic trainers). An institutional representative must be present during student-athlete arrival at the drug-testing station in order to identify the student-athletes. Please read Section Nos. 5.3 and 5.3.1 of the 1999-00 NCAA drug-testing protocol for more information about this change. For NCAA individual/team championships, official couriers will notify selected athletes.

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Q:

What is the policy on late-night testing?

A:

At NCAA team championship events, when competition begins at 9 p.m. or later local time, teams may defer testing until the next morning. Please read Section Nos. 5.3.2 and 5.3.2.1 for more information about this process.

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Q:

Will the NCAA test for specimen concentration at the site of drug testing?

A:

Yes. NCAA drug-testing crews will be using special hand-held instruments to measure urinary specific gravity. The instruments are refractometers, and their use improves the accuracy of the specific-gravity measurement. If the urine has a specific gravity below 1.005 when measured with a refractometer, the student-athlete must remain in the station until an adequate specimen is provided. The crew also tests for specimen pH.

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Q:

Are there any changes to championships drug testing for the 1999-00 year?

A:

Drug-testing crews from The National Center for Drug-Free Sport will manage specimen collection at the site of NCAA championships. The crews will continue to follow NCAA drug-testing protocol and procedures. The crews may be using revised NCAA protocol for partial specimens (NCAA Protocol Sections 6.2.4.1-6.2.4.4) and will be using new collection kits. The new kits are designed to streamline the specimen collection process to reduce the time student-athletes spend in NCAA drug testing.

At team/individual championship events, student-athletes selected for testing may be tested immediately following an event, may be asked to defer testing until completion of his/her final event of that day or may be asked to defer testing until the completion of his/her final event of the championship. The Individual Championship Student-Athlete Notification Form will indicate when the student-athlete will be tested. At NCAA swimming championships, student-athletes will be tested after each session and will not be able to defer testing until the end of the day or until the end of the championship. At NCAA indoor track and field championships, student-athletes will be tested each day and will not be able to defer testing until the end of the championship. For swimmers, it is possible that an athlete could be tested twice in one day and tested each day of the championship. For indoor track athletes, it is possible that an athlete could be tested each day of the championship.

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Q:

What if we have additional questions about NCAA drug testing?

A:

The drug-testing program is administered by The National Center for Drug-Free Sport under the direction of the NCAA Committee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects of Sports and the NCAA Executive Committee. Contact the center staff via telephone (816/474-8655) or Internet (info@drugfreesport.com) for further information. Drug-testing information also is available at www.ncaa.org/sports_sciences/.

Revision of Protocol 5.4

(approved January 1999)

5.4. At NCAA team/individual championship events, a student-athlete will be notified of selection for drug testing immediately after competition. Any student-athlete selected for drug testing will be handed a Student-Athlete Notification Form by an official courier. The notification form will instruct the student-athlete to accompany the courier to the collection station within one hour, unless otherwise directed by the crew chief or designate.

5.4.1. If a selected student-athlete is scheduled to compete in another event during that championship, the student-athlete may be tested immediately, may be asked to defer testing until the completion of the his/her final event of that day or may be asked to defer testing until the completion of his/her final event of the championship.

5.4.1.1. The courier and selected student-athlete will obtain an official institutional representative's signature on the notification form if testing is deferred until completion of the student-athlete's final event of that day or completion of his/her final event of the championship, as noted on the form.

No later than one hour after completion of this final event of the day or final event of his/her championship, an institutional representative must present the student-athlete to the collection station and certify identification of the student-athlete.